On the 30th of October 1961, the Soviet Union detonated the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever tested, over the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic. The 50-megaton hydrogen bomb, dropped from a modified Tu-95 bomber piloted by Andrei Durnovtsev, exploded at 4 kilometers altitude. The fireball reached 8 kilometers wide, and the mushroom cloud rose to 64 kilometers. Shockwaves circled the Earth three times, shattering windows hundreds of kilometers away. The test, code-named Iva