HO scale model trains are a significant part of model railroading history, and we can partially credit the overall popularity of model trains with the rise of a convenient, tabletop scale like HO.

HO scale’s popularity has endured for nearly 100 years despite many other scales and formats. HO scale model trains are a significant part of model railroading history, and we can partially credit the ...

However, the absence of large-scale multimodal datasets and the limitations of current retrieval models hinder its feasibility. Researchers have explored various strategies to advance multimodal ...

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