Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Ever since writing has existed, people have wanted to send secret messages to one another--and others have wanted to intercept and read them. This is the second installment of a blog series taking you ...

Sending secret messages to your friends is fun, but today it’s so simple that you don’t even notice it anymore: practically any serious messaging system features encryption of some sort. To teach his ...

Block ciphers, a branch of modern cryptography, are playing a more prominent role in protecting information security as 5G technology develops. Although encryption algorithms of the traditional ...

Cryptographic algorithms lie at the heart of modern information security, and substitution box (S‐box) design is a critical component in achieving robust encryption. S‐boxes provide the nonlinearity ...

In 1854, Sir Charles Wheatstone invented the cipher known as "Playfair," named for his friend Lyon Playfair, first Baron Playfair of St. Andrews, who popularized and promoted the cipher. Its ...