The act of defaecation, although a ubiquitous human experience, requires the coordinated actions of the anorectum and colon, pelvic floor musculature, and the enteric, peripheral and central nervous ...

Insulin signaling controls cell growth and metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway causes metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Insulin signaling pathways have been extensively studied.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease affecting the entire joint, including the cartilage, bone, and joint lining. Lifestyle factors, age, joint injury, and genetics can all contribute to OA and ...