The first major step toward computer system compatibility was the development of the OSI Reference Model in the early 1980s. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the ...

For a decade or two, networks were built using different hardware and software specifications. As a result they were incompatible and it became difficult for networks to communicate with each other.

A tutorial on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model plus tips on how to memorize the seven layers. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that ...