The cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a central role in protein synthesis, folding, and calcium (Ca²⁺) storage. When damaged, ER-phagy (self-eating) removes affected ER regions via ...
Misfolded proteins cause intracellular stress, which induces the unfolded-protein response (UPR). The UPR is a three-pronged signalling pathway that induces genes which cause cells to acquire a ...
Macrophages accumulate free cholesterol in advanced atherosclerotic lesions, resulting in macrophage apoptosis and progression of lesions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. Previous studies with cultured macrophages ...