The use of metal deposition has been limited to a limited number of applicable samples due to the increased temperature caused by accelerated electron impact on the substrate surface. The surfaces of ...

Gravity currents are formed when a heavier fluid propagates into a lighter ambient fluid as a result of horizontal hydrostatic pressure gradients 1,2,3. A homogeneous current is driven by ...

In today’s world, functional materials are part of everyday life e.g. a protective finish on devices, object or tools to reduce wear and tear, coatings for decoration, sensors or medical applications, ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is a widely used technique in materials science, particularly in the fabrication of thin films and coatings, as well as the synthesis of advanced materials. It involves ...

An extensive range of insulating thin films are utilized in modern VLSI circuits providing electrical isolation between conducting regions within a device and as a final capping passivation layer.

Copper’s resistivity depends on its crystal structure, void volume, grain boundaries and material interface mismatch, which becomes more significant at smaller scales. The formation of copper (Cu) ...